BBMP Khata Creation in Sunkadakatte – Quick, Legal & Transparent

Sunkadakatte, located in West Bengaluru, is one of the city’s most rapidly developing residential areas under BBMP limits. With its growing real estate value and infrastructure upgrades, owning a property here is a sound investment. However, to make that ownership legally valid, every property must have a BBMP Khata certificate.

A Khata is not merely a formality; it is a vital municipal document issued by the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) that records your property’s ownership, size, and tax liability. Without it, your property remains irregular in municipal records, which can lead to restrictions on tax payments, building plan approvals, or resale.

Lawtendo simplifies the Khata creation process in Sunkadakatte, offering fast, legally verified, and transparent services for property owners.

Importance of BBMP Khata for Property Owners in Sunkadakatte

A BBMP Khata serves as the official identity of your property within the municipal system. It validates ownership and ensures compliance with urban regulations.

A Khata is required for

• Paying BBMP property tax

• Applying for water, sewage, and electricity connections

• Obtaining building plan and trade licenses

• Availing home loans and construction financing

• Selling or transferring ownership of property

Without a Khata, your property is not recognized in BBMP records and may face legal complications later.

Types of BBMP Khata in Sunkadakatte

BBMP issues two types of Khata depending on the property’s approval and compliance status.

Lawtendo assists with both A and B Khata creation and helps B Khata holders upgrade to A Khata after verifying property compliance.

Who Can Apply for BBMP Khata Creation in Sunkadakatte

You are eligible to apply for Khata creation if you are

• The registered owner of a new property within BBMP limits

• A developer or builder holding parent property documents

• An apartment or flat owner in a BBMP-approved project

• An owner of a DC-converted or BDA-approved site

Before applying, ensure that all property taxes are cleared and that your sale deed is properly registered.

Documents Required for BBMP Khata Creation in Sunkadakatte

BBMP mandates submission of specific documents for Khata creation. Having accurate paperwork ensures faster approval.

Lawtendo’s legal experts check all documents before submission to eliminate errors and avoid rejection.

Step-by-Step Process for BBMP Khata Creation in Sunkadakatte

The BBMP follows a structured process for Khata creation.

Lawtendo manages the process from start to finish, saving you from repeated BBMP visits and ensuring accurate documentation.

Applying for BBMP Khata Creation Online through SAKALA Portal

The SAKALA portal allows residents to apply for Khata creation digitally.

Steps to apply online

• Visit the official SAKALA portal

• Select the BBMP Khata creation service

• Upload required documents

• Pay the applicable fee online

• Use the acknowledgment number to track your application status

Though the online process is convenient, many applications get delayed due to incorrect or incomplete submissions. Lawtendo ensures error-free online filing and real-time tracking until approval.

Khata Creation for Apartments and DC-Converted Sites in Sunkadakatte

Different property types in Sunkadakatte require slightly different documentation.

Lawtendo ensures every document is accurate and compliant, ensuring smooth approval regardless of property type.

BBMP Khata Creation vs Khata Transfer

These two processes are often confused but serve different purposes.

Lawtendo assists with both processes, ensuring the correct service is filed as per ownership status.

BBMP Fees and Timelines for Khata Creation in Sunkadakatte

The BBMP charges around 2 percent of the property’s registration value as the Khata creation fee.

Lawtendo ensures clear timelines, accurate filing, and continuous status updates throughout the process.

Common Reasons for BBMP Khata Application Rejection

Avoiding these common mistakes ensures faster approval.

Lawtendo reviews every detail before submission, minimizing the risk of application rejection.

Legal Verification Before Khata Creation

A legal check before filing ensures that your property is clear of disputes and compliant with BBMP guidelines. Lawtendo’s team performs

• Title and ownership verification from sub-registrar records

• Encumbrance verification for the past 30 years

• Cross-verification of DC conversion orders and approvals

This ensures a risk-free, dispute-free Khata creation process.

How Lawtendo Simplifies the BBMP Khata Creation Process

Lawtendo provides complete assistance for Khata creation in Sunkadakatte.

Our process includes

• Free initial consultation

• Document review and legal verification

• Preparation and submission of BBMP application

• Coordination with BBMP officials for inspection

• Regular progress updates until Khata approval

We handle all aspects of the process to make it quick, transparent, and fully compliant.

BBMP Office Process vs Lawtendo Assisted Process

Lawtendo’s expertise ensures faster processing and eliminates unnecessary delays or rejections.

Real Case Studies from Sunkadakatte

Case Study 1: Newly Purchased Property Converted from Khata B to Khata A

Background:
Mr. and Mrs. Pradeep purchased a 30×50 BDA-approved site in Sunkadakatte in February 2024. The property was registered under Khata B, which limited their ability to secure a housing loan and register utilities. They applied for conversion to Khata A to establish clear ownership and initiate tax payments.

Family / Parties Involved:
Husband and wife co-owners.

Legal Process:
The couple appointed Advocate Rekha Ramesh, who filed the application in March 2024 at the BBMP West Zone Office. The submitted documents included the registered sale deed, BDA release order, encumbrance certificate, and recent property tax receipts. The advocate verified the layout plan and coordinated with the revenue inspector for site verification.

Challenges Faced:
The layout approval letter provided by the builder was an older version that lacked the latest BDA endorsement. BBMP requested updated confirmation from the BDA.

Resolution (Timeline and Costs):
Khata A was issued in five months after validation. The total cost was ₹27,800, including BBMP processing, legal liaisoning, and document verification.

Key Learning:
Before submission, ensure the BDA release order and layout plan are current and stamped correctly to prevent approval delays.

Case Study 2: Independent House Owner Secures Khata After Construction Completion

Background:
Mr. Ramesh completed construction of his 3BHK house in Sunkadakatte in 2023. After obtaining the occupancy certificate, he applied for Khata creation to pay property tax and update electricity and water accounts.

Family / Parties Involved:
Single property owner.

Legal Process:
The application was filed in November 2023 through Advocate Priya Nair at the BBMP West Zone Office. The documents submitted included the sale deed, sanctioned building plan, occupancy certificate, encumbrance certificate, and property tax receipts. BBMP officials conducted a field inspection to confirm adherence to the approved plan.

Challenges Faced:
A small deviation in the rear setback was found during the inspection, requiring payment of deviation fees under BBMP’s regularization scheme.

Resolution (Timeline and Costs):
Khata was created in six months after regularization. The total cost was ₹36,000, including BBMP scrutiny, legal liaisoning, and documentation expenses.

Key Learning:
Ensure the construction matches the sanctioned plan and regularize any deviations before applying to avoid BBMP reinspection or delays.

Case Study 3: Legal Heir Khata Creation Completed After Succession

Background:
Following the death of Mr. Shankar in 2022, his wife and two daughters inherited a 40×60 residential site in Sunkadakatte. They applied for a new joint Khata to transfer ownership and update property records.

Family / Parties Involved:
Widow and two daughters as legal heirs.

Legal Process:
The application was filed in January 2024 through Advocate Geetha Nair at the BBMP West Zone Office. Documents included the death certificate, legal heir certificate, family tree, encumbrance certificate, and property tax receipts. Mutation was updated before submission.

Challenges Faced:
The legal heir certificate contained a minor address mismatch that required correction through an affidavit before approval.

Resolution (Timeline and Costs):
Khata was issued in seven months. The total cost was ₹42,000, including BBMP fees, affidavit notarization, and legal coordination.

Key Learning:
Before applying for Khata in inheritance cases, ensure consistency across all documents, including legal heir and mutation records.

Case Study 4: Apartment Owners’ Association Secures Individual Khatas After Builder Delays

Background:
Residents of “Anugraha Residency” in Sunkadakatte were unable to obtain individual Khatas because the builder had unpaid deviation penalties and pending BBMP property taxes. The apartment association took initiative to complete the process collectively.

Family / Parties Involved:
Apartment Owners’ Association representing 20 flats.

Legal Process:
The association, with the support of Advocate Manjunath Rao, filed a collective application in August 2023 at the BBMP West Zone Office. Submitted documents included the occupancy certificate, builder’s tax clearance certificate, sale deed copies, and approved plan. The association cleared the builder’s deviation penalties before final submission.

Challenges Faced:
Flat numbering discrepancies between the builder’s plan and BBMP’s property register required correction affidavits and supporting drawings.

Resolution (Timeline and Costs):
Khata creation was completed in eight months. Each flat owner spent approximately ₹15,800, which covered BBMP processing, deviation penalty, and legal documentation.

Key Learning:
Apartment owners should verify that the builder has cleared all tax and deviation dues before possession to avoid collective costs later.

Case Study 5: NRI Co-owner Completes Khata Creation via Power of Attorney

Background:
Mr. Arvind Menon, an NRI residing in Australia, co-owned a 60×40 residential site in Sunkadakatte with his brother. He issued a Power of Attorney authorizing his brother to handle Khata creation and BBMP formalities.

Family / Parties Involved:
NRI co-owner and resident co-owner (POA holder).

Legal Process:
The Power of Attorney was attested at the Indian Consulate in Sydney and revalidated locally in Bangalore by a notary. The application was filed in December 2023 through Advocate Kavitha Sharma at the BBMP West Zone Office. Documents submitted included the sale deed, encumbrance certificate, tax receipts, and attested POA.

Challenges Faced:
BBMP’s legal cell requested verification of the foreign-attested POA and an additional affidavit confirming its authenticity.

Resolution (Timeline and Costs):
Khata creation was completed in nine months. The total cost was ₹83,000, including attestation, courier, verification, and legal expenses.

Key Learning:
For NRI applicants, Power of Attorney must be properly attested abroad and revalidated in India before submission. This ensures faster verification and prevents unnecessary delays during BBMP scrutiny.

Context for NRIs in Sunkadakatte

Sunkadakatte, located off Magadi Road and close to Herohalli and Nagarabhavi, is one of the fastest-growing residential areas in West Bangalore under the Rajarajeshwari Nagar zone of BBMP. With its proximity to industrial hubs and well-connected roads, many NRIs have invested in apartments and independent plots here. However, Khata creation for NRI-owned properties in Sunkadakatte can become challenging due to partial DC conversions, mixed revenue records, and inconsistent builder documentation. Since BBMP insists on physical verification and legally authenticated paperwork, NRIs often require professional support and an authorized Power of Attorney to complete the process efficiently.

Common NRI Challenges in Sunkadakatte

Outdated Revenue Records
Many properties in Sunkadakatte were originally under village panchayat limits, and their survey numbers have not been completely updated in BBMP’s digital system, causing mismatches during verification.

Incomplete DC Conversion
Plots that have not been officially converted from agricultural to non-agricultural land remain ineligible for Khata creation until a valid DC order is issued.

Builder Non-Compliance
In some newly developed apartment projects, builders delay obtaining Occupancy Certificates (OC) or Completion Certificates (CC), resulting in BBMP rejecting Khata applications for individual units.

Jurisdictional Confusion
Since Sunkadakatte lies close to the boundary between Rajarajeshwari Nagar and Dasarahalli zones, confusion about the correct ARO jurisdiction can cause unnecessary application delays.

Remote Documentation and PoA Issues
For NRIs, embassy attestation, international courier handling, and PoA registration take additional time, extending the process by about two weeks on average.

Lawtendo’s NRI Solutions for Sunkadakatte

Power of Attorney (PoA) Preparation and Legalization
Lawtendo assists NRIs in drafting a comprehensive Power of Attorney that authorizes a local representative to handle all Khata creation procedures. The team ensures embassy attestation abroad, secure document dispatch, and local registration at the Sub-Registrar’s Office for BBMP acceptance.

Property Record and Layout Verification
Lawtendo cross-checks survey numbers, layout approvals, and DC conversion orders across BBMP and BDA records. Any inconsistency or outdated information is corrected with the help of licensed surveyors before filing.

Builder and Layout Coordination
For apartment owners, Lawtendo coordinates with builders and apartment associations to collect necessary OC, CC, and sanctioned plans. These are mandatory for BBMP to issue Khata certificates.

BBMP Application Filing and Inspection Management
The application is filed with the Assistant Revenue Officer (ARO) under the Rajarajeshwari Nagar zone. Lawtendo manages file submissions, coordinates field inspections, resolves BBMP remarks, and tracks real-time updates through the e-Khata system.

Secure Documentation and Delivery
All embassy-attested and notarized documents are handled securely. Once the Khata is approved, Lawtendo shares digital copies with the client immediately and sends originals through insured international courier.

Step-by-Step NRI Khata Creation Process in Sunkadakatte

Phase 1: Pre-Verification (10–15 Days)
Confirm that the property is within BBMP limits and that DC conversion is completed. Check property tax payment records and survey alignment across revenue and BBMP data.

Phase 2: Legal and PoA Preparation (15–20 Days)
Draft and attest the Power of Attorney at the Indian Embassy or Consulate abroad, courier the originals to India, and register them locally. Collect required documents like sale deed, Encumbrance Certificate, layout plan, and tax receipts.

Phase 3: Application Filing and Processing (40–60 Days)
File the Khata creation application at the ARO office. BBMP officials will conduct site verification to validate property ownership, layout accuracy, and compliance. Discrepancies must be resolved before final approval.

Phase 4: Certificate Issuance and Delivery (5–10 Days)
After verification, BBMP issues the Khata certificate and extract in the owner’s name. Lawtendo provides digital copies to the NRI client and sends the original documents via secure courier.

Required Documents for NRI Property Owners

Registered Sale Deed

Encumbrance Certificate (EC)

Approved Layout or Sanctioned Building Plan

Occupancy or Completion Certificate (for Apartments)

DC Conversion Order (if applicable)

Latest Property Tax Receipts

Embassy-Attested and Locally Registered Power of Attorney

PAN and Identity Proofs of the Owners

Partition, Gift, or Heirship Deed (if Co-Ownership Exists)

Timelines and Dependencies for NRIs in Sunkadakatte

Average Duration: 70 to 90 days

Additional Delay for NRIs: 10 to 15 days due to embassy attestation and courier handling

Key Dependencies: Completion of DC conversion, builder OC/CC compliance, BBMP–BDA record synchronization, and field inspection schedules

Common Rejection Reasons and Preventive Measures

Unregistered Power of Attorney
BBMP accepts only embassy-attested and locally registered PoA documents.

Incomplete Conversion or Layout Approval
Plots without DC conversion or missing layout approvals are rejected until documents are updated.

Missing OC/CC
Apartment owners must ensure builders have obtained Occupancy and Completion Certificates before applying.

Survey or Record Mismatch
Any difference in property dimensions or survey details must be corrected through a licensed BBMP surveyor.

Pending Property Taxes
Unpaid property tax or arrears result in rejection. Ensure all dues are cleared before filing.

Quick NRI Checklist for Sunkadakatte

Draft and register your Power of Attorney with embassy attestation.

Verify DC conversion and layout approval before submitting the application.

Collect sale deed, Encumbrance Certificate, OC/CC, and property tax receipts.

Appoint a local representative for coordination with BBMP.

File the Khata creation application and track it through the e-Khata system.

Confirm certificate issuance and receive both digital and physical copies securely.

Top Khata Creation Lawyers in Sunkadakatte – Experts in BBMP Property Registration and Legal Documentation

Advocate Anuradha Reddy
Qualification: LL.B. (Bangalore University), LL.M. (Property and Revenue Law)
Experience: 15 Years in property documentation and municipal compliance
Specialization: Khata creation, mutation correction, property verification, and ownership transfer
Court Practice: Bangalore City Civil Court, Karnataka High Court
Location: Sunkadakatte, Bangalore – 560091
Notable Achievements: Completed over 460 BBMP khata creation and transfer cases for residential and commercial owners
Fee Range: ₹2,500–₹6,000 per consultation
Contact: +91 96253 56806

Advocate Ramesh Venkataraman
Qualification: LL.B., LL.M. (Urban and Real Estate Law)
Experience: 20 Years in BBMP and real estate documentation
Specialization: BBMP khata registration, property tax assessment, mutation update, and land record verification
Court Practice: Karnataka High Court, BBMP West Zone Office
Location: Sunkadakatte, Bangalore – 560091
Notable Achievements: Represented major housing societies for BBMP khata creation and approval of new property layouts
Fee Range: ₹3,000–₹7,000 per consultation
Contact: +91 96253 56806

Advocate Pooja Nair
Qualification: LL.B. (Christ University), LL.M. (Municipal and Property Law)
Experience: 11 Years in property and municipal documentation
Specialization: Khata creation, family property registration, title deed correction, and BBMP document verification
Court Practice: Civil Courts, Family Courts, and BBMP Documentation Section
Location: Sunkadakatte, Bangalore – 560091
Notable Achievements: Over 370 successful khata creation and bifurcation applications processed with zero rejections
Fee Range: ₹2,000–₹5,500 per consultation
Contact: +91 96253 56806

Advocate S. Hariprasad
Qualification: LL.B., Diploma in Revenue and Property Law
Experience: 22 Years in property and municipal law practice
Specialization: BBMP khata registration, e-swathu verification, property mutation, and revenue corrections
Court Practice: Revenue Tribunal, BBMP Legal Department, Civil Court
Location: Sunkadakatte, Bangalore – 560091
Notable Achievements: Expert in resolving pending BBMP property ownership and mutation disputes efficiently
Fee Range: ₹3,500–₹7,500 per consultation
Contact: +91 96253 56806

Advocate Kavitha Murthy
Qualification: LL.B., LL.M. (Family and Property Law)
Experience: 13 Years in urban property and municipal law
Specialization: Khata creation, joint khata separation, family partition, and property transfer documentation
Court Practice: Family Court, Civil Court, BBMP West Zone Office
Location: Sunkadakatte, Bangalore – 560091
Notable Achievements: 96% success rate in BBMP khata creation and property ownership transfers
Fee Range: ₹2,500–₹5,500 per consultation
Contact: +91 96253 56806

For fast and transparent BBMP Khata Creation in Sunkadakatte, property owners can consult Lawtendo’s verified lawyers for complete assistance including document verification, BBMP application filing, and khata certificate issuance.

How Lawtendo Helps You Get Your Khata Created in Sunkadakatte Without Stress

Applying for a Khata in Sunkadakatte can be a confusing process with multiple BBMP departments, document inconsistencies, and uncertain approval timelines. Lawtendo simplifies the journey by ensuring precise documentation, legal compliance, and consistent communication until final approval.

1. Property Evaluation and Legal Review
   Lawtendo begins by thoroughly reviewing your property’s ownership documents, sale deeds, and property valuation details. Any gaps such as missing inheritance records or an unverified succession certificate are identified early to build a strong and compliant application.
2. Complete Document Verification
   All required records including the title deed, Encumbrance Certificate, previous tax receipts, and survey sketch go through a detailed document verification process. Lawtendo ensures each document is current, accurate, and in full alignment with BBMP’s Sunkadakatte zone requirements to prevent rejections or unnecessary delays.
3. Dedicated Case Management for Smooth Handling
   Each client is assigned a dedicated case manager who oversees every stage of the Khata process. From submission to inspection coordination and follow-ups with BBMP officials, the case manager ensures consistent progress with complete accountability.
4. Real-Time Tracking and Transparent Updates
   Lawtendo provides regular updates on file movement, inspection schedules, and approval timelines. Property owners stay informed throughout the process, eliminating the need for repeated visits to BBMP offices or unclear waiting periods.
5. Final Verification and e-Khata Integration
   After the Khata is approved, Lawtendo performs a final verification of ownership details, property valuation, and tax linkage. The approved record is then integrated into the e-Khata system, ensuring digital access and smooth management for future transactions.

Lawtendo’s quick, transparent, and legally guided process ensures that BBMP Khata creation in Sunkadakatte is completed efficiently, accurately, and without unnecessary stress for property owners.

Frequently Asked Questions – Sunkadakatte Specific

Q1: What is BBMP Khata creation and why is it essential for property owners in Sunkadakatte?
A: Khata creation is the official registration of your property in the records of the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP). For Sunkadakatte property owners, it serves as proof of ownership, enables property tax payment, and is necessary for getting building plan approvals, loans, and utility connections. Without a valid Khata, a property is not legally recognized by BBMP.

Q2: Which BBMP office manages Khata creation for Sunkadakatte?
A: Sunkadakatte comes under the BBMP West Zone, and applications are managed by the Vishwaneedam Assistant Revenue Office (ARO). Property owners can confirm their ward number on the latest property tax receipt to ensure submission to the correct jurisdiction.

Q3: Who should apply for Khata creation in Sunkadakatte?
A: The following property owners should apply:

• New buyers of sites, apartments, or buildings in Sunkadakatte

• Owners converting revenue land into BBMP limits

• Individuals who have recently completed construction and received an Occupancy Certificate (OC)

• Legal heirs or recipients of inherited property

• Owners who purchased properties in approved layouts under BDA or BMRDA

Q4: What documents are required for Khata creation in Sunkadakatte?
A:

• Registered Sale Deed or Gift Deed

• Latest Property Tax Paid Receipts

• Encumbrance Certificate (EC)

• Approved Layout or Building Plan

• Occupancy Certificate (for new buildings)

• Owner’s Aadhaar Card, PAN Card, and Address Proof

• Utility Bill (BESCOM or BWSSB) as proof of possession

• DC Conversion Certificate (if applicable for revenue properties)

Q5: What is the step-by-step BBMP process for Khata creation in Sunkadakatte?
A:

1. Collect and verify all ownership and tax-related documents.

2. Ensure that all property taxes are paid in full.

3. Apply via the BBMP e-Khata or e-Aasthi portal, or visit the Vishwaneedam ARO office directly.

4. Pay the prescribed application and document verification fees.

5. BBMP officials verify documents and may conduct a site inspection.

6. Once approved, the Khata Certificate and Khata Extract are issued in the owner’s name.

Q6: How long does the Khata creation process take in Sunkadakatte?
A: Typically, it takes 30–45 days for straightforward cases with complete documentation. Properties requiring land conversion, additional verification, or ownership clarification may take 60–90 days.

Q7: What are the BBMP fees for Khata creation in Sunkadakatte?
A:

• Application Fee: ₹500 (approx.)

• Khata Certificate: ₹25

• Khata Extract: ₹100
  Additional charges for document verification or site inspection may apply based on the property’s size and location.

Q8: Can revenue sites in Sunkadakatte get a Khata?
A: Yes, but only after the owner obtains a DC Conversion Certificate confirming conversion from agricultural to residential use. BBMP does not issue Khatas for unconverted revenue sites.

Q9: What are the common reasons for Khata creation rejection or delay in Sunkadakatte?
A: Common causes include:

• Unpaid property taxes

• Missing Encumbrance Certificate

• Deviations from approved building plans

• Mismatch in ownership details between sale deed and tax records

• Lack of DC Conversion for revenue sites

Q10: How can Sunkadakatte property owners track their Khata application status?
A: Application status can be tracked online using the acknowledgment number on the BBMP e-Aasthi or e-Khata portal. For offline submissions, owners can visit the Vishwaneedam ARO office to get real-time updates.

Q11: Can apartment owners in Sunkadakatte apply for individual Khatas?
A: Yes. After the builder obtains BBMP approval and the Occupancy Certificate, each flat owner can apply for an individual Khata derived from the parent Khata. This allows for separate tax payments and independent ownership.

Q12: Why is the Encumbrance Certificate (EC) necessary for Khata creation in Sunkadakatte?
A: The EC proves that the property is free from legal disputes or financial liabilities. BBMP uses it to confirm rightful ownership before issuing a Khata. Missing or invalid ECs are one of the main causes for processing delays.

Q13: Is Khata creation available online for Sunkadakatte properties?
A: Yes. Through the BBMP e-Khata and e-Aasthi portals, property owners can submit applications, upload documents, pay fees, and track status without visiting the office physically.

Q14: What should property owners do if their Khata Certificate is lost or incorrect?
A: Apply for a duplicate or corrected Khata Certificate or Extract by submitting an affidavit, identity proof, and supporting documents at the ARO office or through the BBMP portal.

Q15: Are there any ongoing BBMP updates related to Khata creation in Sunkadakatte?
A: BBMP is digitizing all manual Khatas into e-Khata under the e-Aasthi system. Sunkadakatte property owners are encouraged to shift to e-Khata for transparency, faster processing, and permanent online access to property records.

Conclusion

BBMP Khata creation in Sunkadakatte is an important process that validates your property ownership and ensures it is legally recognized by the municipal authorities. A properly created Khata enables you to pay property taxes, apply for construction approvals, and secure loans with ease. Yet, many property owners face challenges due to document errors or incomplete submissions during the BBMP verification process.

Lawtendo simplifies Khata creation in Sunkadakatte by handling everything with accuracy and speed. From document verification and property valuation to submission and follow-up with BBMP officials, our legal team ensures that your Khata is created smoothly and without unnecessary delays.

Reach out to Lawtendo today to complete your BBMP Khata creation in Sunkadakatte efficiently and make your property ownership fully legal, transparent, and hassle-free.

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