How the Court Marriage Process Works in India – Requirements, Fees, and Registration

Introduction

Court marriage in India is a straightforward way for couples to solemnise their union under the Special Marriage Act, 1954. Unlike religious ceremonies, it provides a civil procedure that is legally recognized across the country. This makes it ideal for inter-caste, inter-faith, or couples who prefer a neutral legal route.

At Lawtendo, we help you navigate the entire process  from filing the notice to obtaining your marriage certificate  without delays or document errors. This detailed guide explains the procedure, documents, fees, timelines, and state-specific rules.

Eligibility and Legal Basis

Before starting the process, couples must meet the following requirements:

• Age: Groom must be at least 21 years; bride must be at least 18.
• Marital status: Both must be unmarried, divorced, or widowed.
• Residency: Either partner must reside in the district where the notice is filed for at least 30 days.
• Consent: Free consent of both parties is mandatory.
• Prohibited degrees: Parties cannot be within prohibited degrees of relationship unless allowed by personal law.

This procedure is governed by the Special Marriage Act, 1954, which provides a secular framework for solemnization.

Step-by-Step Procedure of Court Marriage

Filing Notice of Intended Marriage

• File a written notice with the Marriage Officer (SDM) in the district where either partner has resided for at least 30 days.
• The notice is displayed publicly in the Marriage Office for objections.

Objection Period

• A mandatory 30-day waiting period follows.
• Objections (if any) must be legally valid (age, marital status, prohibited relationship).
• The Marriage Officer investigates before proceeding.

Date of Marriage and Solemnisation

• After 30 days, the couple and three adult witnesses must appear before the Marriage Officer.
• The marriage is solemnised and recorded in the Marriage Register.

Issuance of Marriage Certificate

• The Marriage Certificate is issued after solemnisation.
• It is valid nationwide and is essential for visas, joint accounts, property transfers, and legal records.

Book a Consultation with Lawtendo to File Your Notice and Avoid Errors.

Required Documents Checklist

For bride and groom:

• Proof of age (Birth Certificate, Passport, 10th-class certificate)
• Address proof (Aadhaar, Passport, Voter ID, Driving License, or utility bills)
• Passport-sized photographs (minimum 4 each)
• Affidavit of marital status (unmarried/divorced/widow/widower)
• Divorce decree or death certificate (if previously married)

For witnesses:

• Valid ID proof (Aadhaar, Passport, Voter ID)
• Address proof
• Passport-sized photos

For foreign nationals/NRIs:

• Valid passport and visa
• Proof of residence in India
• No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the embassy/consulate
• Foreign Marriage Affidavit, if applicable

Note: It is best to avail legal services to avoid unwanted hassles during registration. 

Fees and Typical Timelines

Fees

• Government fees: ₹500–₹1,000 depending on the state.
• Additional charges: Notary, affidavit attestation, certified copies, translations if required.

Timelines

• Minimum duration: 30 days (due to notice period).
• Practical timeline: 45–60 days including verification and certificate issuance.
• Delays: May occur if objections arise or in NRI/foreigner cases.

State-Wise Procedure and Practical Notes

Special Situations

NRI and Foreign Nationals

• Must present passport, visa, and embassy NOC.
• Local police verification may be required.
• Timelines often extend to 60–90 days.

Objections and Appeals

• Grounds include age disputes, bigamy, or forged documents.
• If refused, couples can appeal to the District Court within 30 days.
• Lawtendo assists with drafting affidavits and handling legal objections.

Why Choose Lawtendo for Court Marriage Assistance

• End-to-end support: From documents to certificate.
• Pan-India coverage: Expertise across states and districts.
• Error-free paperwork: Drafted affidavits and notices.
• Objection handling: Legal representation if disputes arise.
• Fast turnaround: Document vetting in 24 hours.

Connect with us to avail legal services from experienced lawyers.

FAQs

Q1. Can I do court marriage anywhere in India?
Yes, if one partner has resided in the district for at least 30 days before filing notice.

Q2. How many witnesses are required?
Three witnesses are mandatory for solemnization.

Q3. Can objections stop the marriage?
Yes, if they are valid. Wrongful objections can be challenged in District Court.

Q4. How long does it take to receive the marriage certificate?
Typically 45–60 days, including notice and verification.

Q5. What extra steps are needed for NRIs or foreign nationals?
They must provide a passport, visa, embassy NOC, and may face extra verification.

Conclusion

Court marriage is a secure, legally recognized method of solemnising a marriage in India. While the process is structured, documentation errors and objections can cause delays. With Lawtendo’s expert assistance, you can complete the process smoothly and receive your marriage certificate without hassle.

Book Your Court Marriage Consultation with Lawtendo. Document vetting in 24 hours, state-wise guidance, and complete legal support.

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